如今,研究人员能够利用宏基因组分析鉴定出存在于自然界中的病毒。这是通过将来自临床样品的下一代测序获得的遗传信息与所有已知的病毒的基因组进行比较而实现的。这些病毒感染所有生命分支(从人类到植物和细菌)的病毒。当一种样品含有一种之前已被鉴定出的病毒,它的基因序列能够与美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)和ENA( European Nucleotide Archive)数据库等公共数据库中的病毒序列存在80%以上的相似性。这种相似性很容易通过计算方法加以鉴定出。
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