科学家们通过大量研究阐明了引发机体衰老的分子机制,那么如何有效预防或减缓机体衰老呢?2015年来自美国哥伦比亚大学的研究者们通过研究发现,长期遵循地中海式的饮食习惯能够避免大脑萎缩,有限减缓大脑衰老。2017年11月发表在Food Chemistry杂志上的一篇研究报告中,研究人员发现,蘑菇中含有的高水平抗氧化剂:麦角硫因和谷胱甘肽,能够帮助有效抵御机体衰老促进机体健康[11]。同一个月发表在Journal of Experimental Medicine期刊上的研究报告中,来自格拉斯通研究所的科学家们通过研究发现,靶向抗衰老蛋白SIRT1有望让免疫细胞返老还童,研究者指出,基于对SIRT1在T细胞衰老中发挥的重要作用的理解有望帮助鉴定出两个潜在的新药物靶标,这样就能帮助开发出增强SIRT1活性的新药物,从而让成熟的细胞毒性T细胞恢复青春或阻止它们过快地进入一种较高的毒性状态[12]。2018年1月发表在Nature杂志上的一项研究报告中,来自来自中国温州医科大学等机构的科学家们解析出了一种被称作α-Klotho的蛋白的分子结构,同时研究者还阐明了该蛋白如何协助传递一种延缓衰老的激素信号,文章中,研究者阐明了α-Klotho蛋白如何协助FGF23介导其给机体带来的抗衰老作用[13]。
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